партии «второго эшелона»

Specifics of Electoral Activity of the Second Echelon Political Actors in Modern Russia

Analysis of the second echelon parties and social associations’ participation in electoral processes within single voting day in September 2020 is presented in the article. An inference is made that as a result of municipal elections in different regions of Russia transformations related to strengthening oppositional forces’ resources have taken place; these transformations can manifest themselves as early as during the State Duma election-2021. Elections have shown that motivation of protest voting “we want reforms” is growing in popularity.

The Evolution of the Russian Multi-party System after Election-2016

The author considers participation of the Russian political parties of the «second echelon» in election within the single voting day September 18, 2016, and the level of their activity during election of the heads of the subunits of the Russian Federation, as well as members of regional legislative (representative) bodies. Based on data from the Central Electoral Commission, the groups of the most active in the Russian regions political parties are distinguished, possible changes in configuration of the «heart» of the party system during the next electoral cycle are foreseen.