терроризм

The authors analyze terrorism from the point of view of definitions in the national jurisdictions of the USA, China, EU, and Russia. They also compare approaches to determine key features of this phenomenon in the papers of the most cited researchers of terrorism. National counterterrorism policies are governed by national laws, which depend on the doctrinal basics of the definition of terrorism. The authors use such methods as content analysis and comparative analysis of legislations to identify important aspects of these doctrinal foundations for USA, China, EU, and Russia.

The article deals with the process of formation of morality that justifies terrorism. The author analyzes the conditions which lead to the employment of terrorism as a method of reaction by an agent in an environment. Finally, the author considers the “bottom-up strategy of inclusive counterterrorism”, which implies the marginalization of terrorism among the local population through interaction with the most oppressed groups. The role of non-state actors, in particular NGOs, in the implementation of the “bottom-up strategy of countering terrorism” is assessed.

Article is devoted to studying in domestic sociology of characteristics of a social base of terrorism in Russia. The attention is paid to interpretation of concept of a social base of terrorism; various elements of this category are investigated. In article, influence of incomplete modernization and system crises on emergence of terrorist activity in
society is studied. The mercenary motive as a factor of terrorist activity is considered. Also the attention is paid to the scientific analysis of involvement in terrorist activity of members of various social groups.

Статья  посвящена  изучению  исторического  развития  таких  понятий,  как  «террор»  и  «терроризм»,  в  российской  социологии. Внимание уделяется описанию сущности этих двух понятий, их общим характерным признакам. Освещены различные точки зрения исследователей на понимание обоих терминов. Особое внимание уделено наличию взаимосвязи и различий между двумя понятиями.

Статья посвящена исследованию основных особенностей изучения современного терроризма в российской социологии. Внимание уделяется краткому обзору дореволюционного, советского и постсоветского периодов изучения терроризма. Особое внимание уделено профилактике и поиску причин терроризма, его взаимосвязи с глобализацией, преступностью, социальной стратификацией.