Scientific section. Sociology

The article discusses educational practices and forms of interaction among enterprises, universities, colleges, educational centers and other structures in the process of training for innovative enterprises of Ulyanovsk region. In this regard, some differences in the approaches of new industries and enterprises that have existed since the Soviet era are indicated. In particular, this concerns the development of various intracorporate retraining and advanced training programs, including their own educational centers.

The article analyzes the problems of interpretation of Max Weber’s theory of «ideal types» in empirical sociological studies. The theory of «ideal types» is effective for studying the systemic qualities of universal socio-cultural institutions, local social groups and individuals. The concept of «ideal» is differentiated in everyday consciousness and in scientific and sociological discourses. In sociology, the «ideal» is understood as referring to the sphere of consciousness, regardless of the positive or negative assessment of a social phenomenon.

The article considers the theoretical aspects of the phenomenon of physical culture and sport as a social space in the framework of the main provisions of Pierre Bourdieu sociological theory. A retrospective review of scientific sources on the impact of physical culture and sports on various aspects of human life is made. Empirical studies allowing to apply the classical concepts of “social space”, “field”, “types of capital”, and “practice of agents” to physical culture and sports activities are noted.

The article highlights the problem of socio-cultural nature of speech conflicts. Communicators’ speech activity is conditioned both by inner and external factors of communication situation. Communicators’ personal types are of great importance, as well as their communication schemes. Personal values and principles define human motivation and intention. The asymmetry of communication activity, a speech one included, causes a lot of various conflicts.

The article discusses the problems of urban development of the contaminated territories of Saratov aimed at improving this territory. Particular attention is paid to the substantiation and necessity of using in sociological studies of a modern city such a concept as a socio-territorial community, which is interpreted as a form of social life, where a certain set of individuals has the same type of relationship to a specific territory. Glebutchev ravine was chosen as a contagious model polygon.

В статье осуществляется содержательный анализ позднего вдовства, расставляются акценты на наиболее значимых смысловых и структурных характеристиках, сопровождающих его трудностях и переживаниях. Выделяется специфика позднего вдовства, связанная с распадом унитарного супружеского союза, с повышением степени риска и неопределенности повседневной жизни как в социокультурном, так и в витальном смысле. Особое внимание уделяется фольклорным образам вдовствующих людей, которые в значительной степени формируют базовые стереотипы.

The article deals with the features of closed nuclear cities (CATF), identifying the environmental features. The problem of CATF is the completion of the Soviet atomic project, and the need of formating CATF. The development prospects of CATF are seen in rebooting and developing the industrial potential in the direction of nuclear energy technologies and science-intensive industrie.

In modern conditions of profound changes in Russian social reality socio-cultural space and social competition became a powerful factor contributing to the mobilization of the activity of individuals, groups, society as a whole. The desire of people to take a more favorable social position, the struggle for various resources construct new models of human behavior, new practices. Social competition is viewed as a form of social ties and the type of social interactions reflecting the ability of achieving goals in conditions of competition with others.

The article considers various methodological approaches to the definition of a megacity, reveals the relationship between the concepts of “megalopolis”, “megacity”, “megapolitan type city”. The differences between foreign and Russian traditions in the definition of a megacity are revealed. It is concluded that the specificity of the “megacity” interpretation in Russian science is determined by the objective conditions for the formation and development of large Russian cities.

The article examines the features of the complex and multifaceted phenomenon of the ethnocratic elite. The general features of this elite group, which is an integral part of regional elite groups and the characteristic features developing under the influence of both general civilizational factors and local ones, including the peculiarities of recruiting, traditions and established principles of the functioning of power institutions, are revealed.