In modern conditions the system of social protection of the population extends and additional complexes of separate professional groups are formed. The directions of social protection extend, the maintenance of the mechanism of realization of its separate subsystems is transformed. At present new theoreticalmethodological justification of separate professional groups` protection is necessary. However, there is no accurate scientific definition of the category «social protection of а professional group» and there are no investigations of the theoretical approach to this problem either.